lvm磁盘扩容

linux

基本概念

逻辑卷管理器（Logical Volume Manager，简称LVM）是将多个物理卷抽象成一个卷组，并在卷组的基础上进一步划分逻辑卷的一种磁盘管理方法。

lvm主要由三部分组成：物理卷（Physical Volume, PV）、卷组（Volume Group，VG）以及逻辑卷（Logical Volume，LV）。其中，物理卷可以是一个分区或者整个磁盘，是LVM的底层物理存储单元。多个物理卷合并为一个卷组，这样就创建了一个磁盘空间池。在卷组的基础上可以划分逻辑卷。

创建lvm卷

查看块情况

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[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   50G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 45.8G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0  150G  0 disk

格式化磁盘

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[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x74bda18d.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x74bda18d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-314572799, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-314572799, default 314572799):
Using default value 314572799
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 150 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

检查块信息

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[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   50G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 45.8G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0  150G  0 disk
└─sdb1   8:17   0  150G  0 part

创建物理卷pv

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[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

创建卷组vg

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[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate  vg01 /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg01" successfully created

创建逻辑卷lv

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[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv01_data  vg01
  Logical volume "lv01_data" created.

格式化逻辑卷

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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg01/lv01_data
meta-data=/dev/vg01/lv01_data    isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=9830144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=39320576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=19199, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

挂载逻辑卷

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mkdir /data
mount1="/dev/vg01/lv01_data       /data  xfs    defaults        0       0"
echo ${mount1}>>/etc/fstab
mount -a # mount /dev/vg01/lv01_data /data

挂载完成

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[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3                    46G  3.2G   43G   7% /
devtmpfs                     16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                        16G  148K   16G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        16G  8.9M   16G   1% /run
tmpfs                        16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                   197M  139M   59M  71% /boot
tmpfs                       3.2G   28K  3.2G   1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs                       3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01_data  150G   33M  150G   1% /data

磁盘扩容

查看块情况

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[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   50G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 45.8G  0 part /
sdb                  8:16   0  150G  0 disk
└─sdb1               8:17   0  150G  0 part
  └─vg01-lv01_data 253:0    0  150G  0 lvm  /data
sdc      8:18   0  150G  0 disk

格式化磁盘

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[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x74bda18d.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x74bda18d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-314572799, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-314572799, default 314572799):
Using default value 314572799
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 150 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

检查块信息

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[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   50G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 45.8G  0 part /
sdb                  8:16   0  150G  0 disk
└─sdb1               8:17   0  150G  0 part
  └─vg01-lv01_data 253:0    0  150G  0 lvm  /data
sdc      8:18   0  150G  0 disk
└─sdc1   8:19   0  150G  0 part

刷新分区表

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partprobe /dev/sdc

查看vg组

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[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  vg01   1   1   0 wz--n- 150.00g    0

扩展逻辑卷

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[root@localhost ~]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
  Volume group "vg01" successfully extended

扫描逻辑卷

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[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg01/lv01_data' [<150.00 GiB] inherit

扩展逻辑卷

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[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l 100%VG /dev/vg01/lv01_data
  Reducing 100%VG to remaining free space 300 GiB in VG.
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <150 GiB (111550 extents) to 300 GiB (234349 extents).
  Logical volume vg01/lv01_data successfully resized.

刷新分区表

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[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg01/lv01_data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=6, agsize=2301440 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=11827200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=4495, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11827200 to 24933376

检查扩容结果

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[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3                    46G  3.2G   43G   7% /
devtmpfs                     16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                        16G  148K   16G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        16G  8.9M   16G   1% /run
tmpfs                        16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                   197M  139M   59M  71% /boot
tmpfs                       3.2G   28K  3.2G   1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs                       3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01_data  300G   33M  300G   1% /data

Mardan MDevOps Engineer

Hi there, I’m Mardan(ka1i).